For example, in Python 3.6 you could use await as a variable name or function name, but as of Python 3.7, that word has been added to the keyword list. The list of protected keywords has changed with each new version of Python.
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If your code looks good, but you’re still getting a Synta圎rror, then you might consider checking the variable name or function name you want to use against the keyword list for the version of Python that you’re using. It might be a little harder to solve this type of invalid syntax in Python code because the code looks fine from the outside. When you attempt to assign a value to pass, or when you attempt to define a new function called pass, you’ll get a Synta圎rror and see the "invalid syntax" message again. > pass = True File "", line 1 pass = True ^ Synta圎rror: invalid syntax > def pass ():įile "", line 1 def pass (): ^ Synta圎rror: invalid syntax In the code block below, you can see a few examples that attempt to do this and the resulting Synta圎rror tracebacks: Some examples are assigning to literals and function calls. There are several cases in Python where you’re not able to make assignments to objects. In the sections below, you’ll see some of the more common reasons that a Synta圎rror might be raised and how you can fix them. When you encounter a Synta圎rror for the first time, it’s helpful to know why there was a problem and what you might do to fix the invalid syntax in your Python code. You’ll take a closer look at these exceptions in a later section. A TabError is raised when your code uses both tabs and spaces in the same file. An IndentationError is raised when the indentation levels of your code don’t match up. These exceptions both inherit from the Synta圎rror class, but they’re special cases where indentation is concerned. These are equivalent to Synta圎rror but have different names: There are two other exceptions that you might see Python raise. The Synta圎rror traceback might not point to the real problem, but it will point to the first place where the interpreter couldn’t make sense of the syntax. In the example above, the file name given was theofficefacts.py, the line number was 5, and the caret pointed to the closing quote of the dictionary key michael. The error message that comes after the exception type Synta圎rror, which can provide information to help you determine the problem.A caret ( ^) on the line below the reproduced code, which shows you the point in the code that has a problem.The line number and reproduced line of code where the issue was encountered.The file name where the invalid syntax was encountered.There are a few elements of a Synta圎rror traceback that can help you determine where the invalid syntax is in your code:
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To learn more about the Python traceback and how to read them, check out Understanding the Python Traceback and Getting the Most out of a Python Traceback.
Note: This tutorial assumes that you know the basics of Python’s tracebacks.
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